Travelers from history and their famous sea voyages

titleNOTE 6
/titlecategory1/categoryNOTE 6.–Ramusios version here diverges from the old MSS. It makes the
inner enclosure a mile square; and the second (the city of Taidu) six
miles square, as here, but adds, at a mile interval, a third of eight
miles square. Now it is remarkable that Mr. A. Wylie, in a letter dated
4th December 1873, speaking of a recent visit to Peking, says: I found
from various inquiries that there are several remains of a very much
larger city wall, inclosing the present city; but time would not allow me
to follow up the traces.
br

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title[The Kirghiz between the Yangi Hissar River and Sirikol are the only
/titlecategory1/categorypeople using the horse generally in the plough, oxen being employed in the
plains, and yaks in Sirikol
[The Kirghiz between the Yangi Hissar River and Sirikol are the only
people using the horse generally in the plough, oxen being employed in the
plains, and yaks in Sirikol. (Lieutenant-Colonel Gordon, p. 222,
_Forsyths Mission_.)–H. C.]
br

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titleNOTE 3
/titlecategory1/categoryNOTE 3.–[We learn from Joseph Martin, quoted by Grenard, p. 170 (who met
this unfortunate French traveller at Khotan, on his way from Peking to
Marghelan, where he died), that from Shachau to Abdal, on the Lob-nor,
there are twelve days of desert, sandy only during the first two days,
stony afterwards. Occasionally a little grass is to be found for the
camels; water is to be found everywhere. M. Bonin went from Shachau to the
north-west towards the Kara-nor, then to the west, but lack of water
compelled him to go back to Shachau. Along this road, every five _lis_,
are to be found towers built with clay, and about 30 feet high, abandoned
by the Chinese, who do not seem to have kept a remembrance of them in the
country; this route seems to be a continuation of the Kan Suh Imperial
highway. A wall now destroyed connected these towers together. There is
no doubt, writes M. Bonin, that all these remains are those of the great
route, vainly sought after till now, which, under the Han Dynasty, ran to
China through Bactria. Pamir, Eastern Turkestan, the Desert of Gobi, and
Kan Suh: it is in part the route followed by Marco Polo, when he went from
Charchan to Shachau, by the city of Lob. The route of the Han has been
also looked for, more to the south, and it was believed that it was the
same as that of the Astyn Tagh, followed by Mr. Littledale in 1893, who
travelled one month from Abdal (Lob-nor) to Shachau; M. Bonin, who
explored also this route, and was twenty-three days from Shachau to
Lob-nor, says it could not be a commercial road. Dr. Sven Hedin saw four or
five towers eastward of the junction of the Tarim and the Koncheh-daria; it
may possibly have been another part of the road seen by M. Bonin. (See _La
Gographie_, 15th March, 1901, p. 173.)–H. C.]
br

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title[There are certain Barons specially deputed to see that foreigners, who do
/titlecategory1/categorynot know the customs of the Court, are provided with places suited to
their rank; and these Barons are continually moving to and fro in the
hall, looking to the wants of the guests at table, and causing the
servants to supply them promptly with wine, milk, meat, or whatever they
lack
[There are certain Barons specially deputed to see that foreigners, who do
not know the customs of the Court, are provided with places suited to
their rank; and these Barons are continually moving to and fro in the
hall, looking to the wants of the guests at table, and causing the
servants to supply them promptly with wine, milk, meat, or whatever they
lack. At every door of the hall (or, indeed, wherever the Emperor may be)
there stand a couple of big men like giants, one on each side, armed with
staves. Their business is to see that no one steps upon the threshold in
entering, and if this does happen, they strip the offender of his clothes,
and he must pay a forfeit to have them back again; or in lieu of taking
his clothes, they give him a certain number of blows. If they are
foreigners ignorant of the order, then there are Barons appointed to
introduce them, and explain it to them. They think, in fact, that it
brings bad luck if any one touches the threshold. Howbeit, they are not
expected to stick at this in going forth again, for at that time some are
like to be the worse for liquor, and incapable of looking to their
steps.[NOTE 4]]
br

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titleThe Ko-tow (_Khéu-théu_) which appears repeatedly in this ceremonial and
/titlecategory1/categorywhich in our text is indicated by the four prostrations, was, Pauthier
alleges, not properly a Chinese form, but only introduced by the Mongols
The Ko-tow (_Khu-thu_) which appears repeatedly in this ceremonial and
which in our text is indicated by the four prostrations, was, Pauthier
alleges, not properly a Chinese form, but only introduced by the Mongols.
Baber indeed speaks of it as the _Kornish_, a Moghul ceremony, in which
originally the person who performed it kneeled nine times and touched the
earth with his brow each time. He describes it as performed very
elaborately (nine times _twice_) by his younger uncle in visiting the
elder. But in its essentials the ceremony must have been of old date at
the Chinese Court; for the Annals of the Thang Dynasty, in a passage cited
by M. Pauthier himself,[1] mention that ambassadors from the famous Hrn
ar Rashd in 798 had to perform the ceremony of kneeling and striking the
forehead against the ground. And M. Pauthier can scarcely be right in
saying that the practice was disused by the Ming Dynasty and only
reintroduced by the Manchus; for in the story of Shah Rukhs embassy the
performance of the Ko-tow occurs repeatedly.
br

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titleCHAPTER I
/titlecategory1/categoryCHAPTER I.
br

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title[12] I do not find this allusion in Mr
/titlecategory1/category[12] I do not find this allusion in Mr. Beals new version of Fahian. [See
Rmusats d. p. 227; Klaproth says (Ibid. p. 230) that the _Tao-szu_
are called in Tibetan _Bonb_ and Youngdhroungpa.–H. C.]
br

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titleCHAPTER III
/titlecategory1/categoryCHAPTER III.
br

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title/titlecategory1/categorybr

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titleNOTE 2
/titlecategory1/categoryNOTE 2.–The mention of the King of England appears for the first time in
Pauthiers text. Probably we shall never know if the communication reached
him. But we have the record of several embassies in preceding and
subsequent years from the Mongol Khans of Persia to the Kings of England;
all with the view of obtaining co-operation in attack on the Egyptian
Sultan. Such messages came from bka in 1277; from Arghn in 1289 and
1291; from Ghzn in 1302; from Oljaitu in 1307. (See _Rmusat_ in _Mm.
de lAcad._ VII.)
br

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